What were the major features of economic change in Europe in the Essay

What were the significant highlights of monetary change in Europe in the period 1500-1914 - Essay Example This period additionally denotes a period of populace development which obviously affected on the financial improvements being experienced by numerous European countries during this time. This paper will talk about the significant highlights of monetary change in Europe in the time of 1500 to 1914. The monetary changes in United Kingdom and on Germany will be featured for this paper. Body when all is said in done, from 1750 to 1914, financial changes in Europe remembered the presentation of railroad use for the vehicle of products. These railways additionally helped introduce urbanization and a congruity of the dominion objectives of Europe with the spread of their exchange with different nations and with the extension of political linkages (North Penn School District, 2002). Inside this equivalent timespan, major monetary changes were likewise observed, particularly with the expansion in marketed exercises introduced by improved techniques in the vehicle of products. It additionally denoted a period of improved correspondence, with basic exercises including regional extension and investigation (North Penn School Disrict, 2002). Europe’s monetary exercises likewise moved from imperialistic objectives to colonization exercises as Europeans were presently thinking about extension as a methods for picking up advantage over their rivals. This period additionally denoted a period where the European economy moved from rural exercises to mechanical exercises. Custom made merchandise became manufacturing plant made and progressively crude materials were moved from their different states. This prompted a critical increment in their creation of food, garments, and different items. The inspiration to grow as of now was a significant objective for Europe and these objectives likewise moved towards the securing of more grounds. The provinces additionally became significant wellsprings of crude materials for Europe and all things considered, Europe had the option to a scend as a significant worldwide monetary force. Its consideration currently moved from imperialistic to colonialist objectives. What's more, this move in objectives was apparently directed by its entrance to trade objectives (North Penn School District, 2002). Because of these move in objectives, Europe had the option to focus its exercises toward increasingly mechanical objectives, growing its monetary exercises past the capacity to take care of its populace. Therefore, it turned into a significant player in exchanging with its neighbors and with the remainder of the world. Two significant occasions were seen from the 1500 to 1914 in Great Britain. This period saw the introduction of Industrial Revolution and the sign of Demographic Transition (Clark and Cummins, 2009). The Industrial Revolution denoted a period of fast financial development and the presentation of new advancements. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the worry of the legislatures was to build populace, not to imp rove their lives. Prior to the modern insurgency, the higher pay populace had higher in general fruitfulness rates. Without the modern upheaval, a much more prominent increment in the populace would have been seen (Clark and Hamilton, 2006). In the long run, in England, expanded rates in marriage got obvious during the 1890s, be that as it may, generous lessening in ripeness rates were seen with the presentation of modern exercises. Consequently, the focal point of the individuals and of the legislature was turned towards diminishing populace development. After 1910, the concentrate additionally was turned towards improving the lives of the individuals †their ways of life †and this saw further opportunities for Britain in improving the capability of the populace for all the more academic work (Clark and Cummins, 2009). The Demographic Transition Period was seen from 1870 to 1910. This denoted a general decrease in net richness. What was begun during the modern unrest showe d during the time of segment change (Clark a

Korn free essay sample

Korn It was the greatest night of my life. I went to see the best show ever the Family Values Tour and my preferred band, Korn. There were such a large number of individuals that they appeared as though ants preparing for a bigmeeting. At the point when they were going to go on, I felt like all that I needed in as long as I can remember was nearly there and I couldnt pause. At the point when they at long last opened the draperies and were staying there preparing to play, I needed to bounce over all the seats and begin singing with them.They opened with Got the Life, a tune off their new collection. One of the two best parts was when Jonathan Davis, the artist, got off stage and went to get his bagpipes and came back to play them. I adored the occasion. The other best part was the finish of the show when the stage was convoluted and Limp Bizkit performed with them and played the melody, All in the Family. We will compose a custom paper test on Korn or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The two of them composed the tune so it was one of those minutes that makes you need to cry since you saw their fellowship and you love the two groups; it is the best inclination ever. I cherished each second; Im going to attempt to see them once more. I cannot hold on to have another experience this way. .Audit via Carol Veloza, Hamden, CT Korn free exposition test Picture almost 15,000 individuals, extending from 10 to 60 yearsold, running together. Envision looking down at an ocean of fans packed on thefloor and in the stands, moving as one mammoth mass to the extreme beat of music.Try to imagine an amazing stage set, total with gigantic video screens,awesome lights, fire spouts and gothic subtleties. Presently all you need is to hear themusic Korn, with exceptional visitor Staind, shook before two sold-outcrowds. Their interesting, enthusiastic verses and expressive instrumentation captivatedlisteners and charged the 90 minutes since a long time ago set. Careless SelfIndulgence opened, trailed by Staind. Stainds debut CD,Dysfunction, is set apart with numerous incredible melodies, for example, the emotionalMudshovel. They did their collection equity with a live exhibition thatdelivered an overabundance of intensity and vitality. Once Staind left to a thunder ofapplause, the Sick and Twisted Animation show started and engaged viewersanticipating Korns appearance. At long last, the lights darkened and everyone's eyes turned tothe stage as the recognizable introduction of Falling Away From Me was heard. We will compose a custom paper test on Korn or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The praise and shouts were stunning. Korn played all their hits,including Make Me Bad, Freak on a Leash,A.D.I.D.A.S. what's more, Blind. After a brief break when Staindplayed one of Korns tunes, lead artist Jonathan Davis returned in a kilt toplay bagpipes while being raised on a section. By and large, it was a greatshow, with unfathomable embellishments and, obviously, extraordinary music. Korn free exposition test Are You Ready?I strolled in with feelings mixing all through my body, Like a blend formula from ten distinct societies: sushi, fettuccine Alfredo and burritos. I hurried in line to purchase a unique visit tee shirt. I resembled a distraught lady holding up a bank. I had been anticipating this second for a year. Korn, the best bandthat existswas going to perform before my sparkling wide eyes. Music lifted me up from my seat Like a rocket taking flight shooting up from its foundation Emitting smoke, particles of cinders and blazing rocks The group gulped me Like a ravenous monster as I joined the gathering of head-bangers. As the fans surge the stage I got stomped on A wild blossom on a field where a rush of ponies are beating Korn fans Got the life Were Children Of the Korn and All in the Family. I am a youngster going through a toy store and grabbing at things! The sentiment of the tumultuous music, The quick verses, Then the throbbing musicality and shrieking guitars Last always In my brain. We will compose a custom article test on Korn or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As I exit I just have a grin all over For I am stunned and thoroughly free Like an extraordinary white shark, Waiting for the exact second to assault.

How far can conceptual tools such as carrying capacity, limits of Assignment

How far can reasonable instruments, for example, conveying limit, cutoff points of satisfactory change and natural effect evaluation really - Assignment Example The WTO, World Tourism Organization, characterizes sightseers as individuals who travel to and remain in places outside their standard condition for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one sequential year for recreation, business and different purposes not identified with the activity of a movement compensated from inside the spot visited(emoiz.com). Consequently, mankind’s interest with encountering the obscure, combined with upgrades in innovation and rising ways of life around the globe have guaranteed that travel industry has permeated into each layer of society, and brought about fast development of that industry. Be that as it may, the travel industry to see and appreciate regular habitat and common marvels (aside from the man-made ones) has begun having significant negative effects on the indigenous habitats, in any event, prompting sizable pulverizations. These decimations harms those normal miracles, yet additionally wide scope of greenery, whose living spaces get pulverized simultaneously. Accordingly, with the positive movement of the travel industry transforming into a nightmarish action, there have been calls for economical type of the travel industry. As expressed by Hens and Ni (refered to in Nath, 1999) no type of the travel industry exists that doesn't cause ecological pressure, thus the test is to discover far towards practical the travel industry advancement that orchestrates financial advantages significantly with the insurance of normal assorted variety. Executing manageability in the travel industry includes a progression of steps that must be taken by different partners. To realize that, couple of calculated devices can be utilized especially â€Å"Carrying Capacity†, cutoff points of worthy change and ecological effect appraisal. Every one of these apparatuses can ensure the earth and its habitants, even while permitting human investigation of nature as the travel industry. In this way, this paper will talk a bout how these theoretical apparatuses can be ideally used to make reasonable types of the travel industry. â€Å"Carrying Capacity† and how it can assist with making feasible type of the travel industry The term or idea â€Å"â€Å"Carrying Capacity†Ã¢â‚¬  can be utilized in different settings, anyway it essentially â€Å"refers to the quantity of people who can be bolstered in a given territory inside regular asset limits, and without debasing the common social, social and monetary condition for present and future generations.† (gdrc.org). Each condition including a visitor situation or spot can have a cutoff on what number of individuals and the amount of their exercises, it can bolster and support. In the event that that cutoff is penetrated and more individuals enter that specific zone, it could prompt insecurity and could make repercussions the previously existing individuals. In spite of the fact that, the â€Å"Carrying Capacity† for any predete rmined zone is certainly not a fixed one, and it tends to be changed through different methods including innovation, it's anything but a positive advance. Since any change or adjustment of the â€Å"Carrying Capacity† will consistently bring about issues to both the current individuals just as the entering individuals. Any limitation in the assets, when the â€Å"Carrying Capacity† increments past breaking point will prompt deficiency of land, lack of food, or decrease in water quality and accessibility, which will immediately slow down the two sorts of development. (Serenade 2011). Therefore, the traveler division and the specialists can think of a speculative â€Å"Carrying Capacit

tragmac Free The Real Tragedy of Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

tragmac Free The Real Tragedy of Shakespeare Essay s Macbeth essaysTragedy of Macbeth In a catastrophe the primary character ascends to significance, at that point keeps on tumbling down a disgrace winding which prompts their defeat. A case of a catastrophe is Macbeth. Macbeth is driven up the slope of significance an ascent, at that point his untamed aspiration drives him to death. The procedure of a catastrophe is delayed to let the crowd become alright with the force and joy of the fundamental character. At that point the entirety of the unexpected signs create the impression that the end is coming and the principle character makes a beeline for ruin. In the beggining of the play a fight goes on between King Duncan of Scotland and Macdonwald of Norway. Macbeth battled valiantly on Scotlands side and even executed Macdonwald himself. Ruler Duncan knows about Macbeths daring and respectable characteristics and crowns him the new Thane of Cawdor. The ruler expresses that the old Thane ought not gadget, .. . Our chest intrigue: go articulate his current passing, And with his previous title welcome Macbeth. (1.2. 63-65) Macbeth is threatening to aside from the rank in light of the fact that prior three witches forecasted that Macbeth would become Thane of Cawdor despite the fact that there was one around then. Since Macbeth was delegated Thane of Cawdor, Banquo and Macbeth believe that the three withches adre ready to effectively disclose to them their destiny. Macbeth presently having higher-positioning power starts to have his aspiration misbehave on him and long for more force. Woman Macbeth sorts out King Duncans murder, which builds Macbeths aspiration and empowers Macbeth to ascend to a definitive stature. The homicide is completed yet not as arranged and Macbeth is headed to slaughter the ruler himself. Macbeth states after everybody found the dead lord, Loyal and nonpartisan, in a second? no man. The endeavor of my vicious love.. . (2.3.111-112) This was the main done to obliterate and considerations that may have focused on Macbeth that he could have murdered the lord. The insatiability for power and the witches forecasts have made Macbeth an exceptionally upset man. Having confidence in everthing that the witches state, Macbeth employs three killings to murder both Banquo and his child. By having them executed nobody will be in line to remove the crown from Macbeth. Macbeth at that point hears that Macduff is contemplating on approaches to look for retribution so Macbeth plans for death of Macduffs family. Macbeth went for his family planning to hurt him within to show Macduff not to meddle with Macbeth. This shows Macbeth finds that each individual is against him and needs to strip him of his brilliance. Macbeth during this time of craziness loses all regard from what devotees he did have and is alluded to as the Devil. In the long run Macbeth is murdered by Macduff during thier battle for retribution which closes Macbeths lamentable life as ruler. In the tale of Macbeth he is a man of extraordinary respectability and respect. He is profoundly positioned and cherished by everybody around him and is exceptionally brave in the war zone. This play is a catastrophe on the grounds that a man of such high power, from the outset, ascends to significance and afterward falls appallingly to death.

What MCAT Score Do You Need to Get into Medical School

You’ve spent months in an MCAT review course, taken practice test after practice test, and finally sat for the exam. Your results are in. Are they good enough to get you into your target medical school? Let’s take a look at what your scores mean. The Difference between the MCAT and Your Grades The primary purpose of the MCAT is to assess an applicant’s ability to succeed in medical school by testing critical skills and knowledge of natural, physical, and behavioral sciences. The MCAT score is the only piece of the med school application that is standardized. Your grades are anything but standardized. Applicants to medical schools attended different schools, took courses of different levels and from different professors who used different grading standards. Therefore, even your GPA, which is generally looked at as an â€Å"objective† piece of the application, is actually subjective. Each of the four sections of the MCAT is scored between 118 and 132. AAMC originally designed the test aiming for an average section score of 125 and an average total score of 500 within a total score range from 472 to 528. For better or worse, the average score of all applicants and matriculants is rising. In 2016-17 the total average score was 501.8. The following year, 2017-18 it had climbed to 504.7. How to Evaluate the Competitiveness of Your MCAT Score So, what is the magic number needed to get into medical school? Unfortunately, there is no single answer to this question for all med schools, or even for all med school applicants. Here are some factors to examine when evaluating the competitiveness of your MCAT score: †¢ What are the average MCAT scores for the schools you are applying to? Students admitted to MD programs in the US in 2017 had average total MCAT scores between 508 and 509. According to AACOM (American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine), those admitted to DO programs in 2016 (the most recent data available) had average total MCAT scores of 502.17. Those figures give you a broad overview, but it’s the specific schools’ data that should really guide your application strategy. For example, your very respectable score of 504 may be competitive at Northeast Ohio, an MD program where the average MCAT score for admitted students was 505, with a 10th-90th percentile range of 501-512. However, if your dream school is Washington University in St. Louis, you probably need to up your score†¦or change your dream. The average MCAT score for admitted students at Wash U was 521, with a range of 10th-90th percentile range of 516-525 per MSAR. †¢ Is your score balanced? What does it mean if your scores were 130 on three sections of the MCAT and 115 on the fourth? Clearly you have a weakness in an area that most medical schools feel is important enough to test and measure. Although your total score was a respectable 505, med schools will still look at the imbalance in your scores and be concerned in particular about the one area that was so much weaker. †¢ How competitive is your GPA? If your GPA is at the high end for the schools you are applying to, the admissions committees may cut you a little slack on your MCAT score. The average undergrad GPA for those admitted to an MD program in 2017 was 3.70. AACOM’s reported 2016 overall mean baccalaureate GPA for matriculants was 3.45. †¢ How is the rest of your application? The MCAT is not evaluated in a vacuum, and even a great MCAT score will not be enough to guarantee your med school acceptance. The rest of your application must show the admissions committee that you are serious about medical school and a medical career, have the character to be a compassionate doctor, and have the background and interpersonal skills to contribute to your community. Even if you have all of these attributes, you have to present them effectively via your primary and secondary applications and your interview. Be sure your application is complete and neat. Your essays must be compelling and tell the story of an applicant the adcoms will want to get to know better. Which Schools Should You Apply To? When choosing which med schools to apply to, look at their average MCAT scores and the range of MCAT scores for matriculants at your target schools. Be sure that your score is in range for all, or for the overwhelming majority of, your target schools. Unless you have a high GPA, other truly impressive elements in your application, or come from an underrepresented background in medicine, make sure that your MCAT is above average for at least some of the programs you are applying to. Remember that the purpose of the MCAT is to show your readiness to handle the academics of medical school. It is a very important element of your med school application, but it’s not the only one. Commitment, character, interpersonal skills, and your potential to contribute to your community are important as well. Be sure that your total application shows that you not only can handle the academics, but that you will be an outstanding physician and credit to the med school you attend. Do you have questions about how you’ll measure up compared to other medical school applicants? Do you need help creating a strong application that will get you noticedand then accepted? Check out Accepted’s Medical School Admissions Consulting Services for expert assistance in the admissions process. ; For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ The MCAT: Craft Your Strategy for Success, a free webinar †¢ Tips for Applicants With a Low MCAT Score (Part 1) †¢Ã‚  How Does the Med School Adcom View Multiple MCAT Scores?

Cubist artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque Essay - 1100 Words

Cubist artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque Essay (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course:Instructor:Date:For the Cubist artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, Jokes, Puns and Visual games played an important role in their development of a groundbreaking new artistic style. DiscussArtists do not just come up with abstract ideas and productions. At some point in life each and every artist draws inspiration from certain aspects of nature that inspires them to come up the various artistic creations. Pablo Picasso and George Braque are regarded the fathers of analytic cubism, an artistic painting style that is primarily characterized by extensive use of geometric shapes and tendencies by the artists to lean towards monochromatic use of color. Analytic cubism is therefore thought of as an improvement of the general cubic art, an influential art movement that begun in the 20th century. An insightful journey into the genesis of analytic cubism reveals that the two great artists, artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, draw their inspiration from day to day jokes, Puns and Visual games as to come up with most influential form of cubic art.Analytic cubism was regarded as an avant-garde art movement that brought a revolution in painting art and whose effects went on t o change the faces of European painting, contemporary architecture, music and even to some extent, literature. When Pablo and Braque were establishing the foundations of analytic cubism in France in 1910 1920 to set the style off as an official form of painting, almost all countries in Europe had picked up the style to inspire offshoots similar to he styles of Futurism and constructivism. While subjects and objects in cubism were broken down into cubes to resemble their abstract form, analytic cubism introduced the element of not only cubes but geometric shapes and lines.The oxford dictionary of contemporary English defines a pun or paronomasia as a kind of word play that presents words with multiple meanings. This is achieved through exploitation of similar-sou nd words or multiple meanings of words with an intention of creating either humor or some rhetoric effect. There is a strong relationship between puns and analytic cubism. Pablo and Georges harnessed the multiple meanings that can be brought about by joining various geometric shapes and combined the same with the various interpretations that can be drawn from monochromatic colors to come up with analytic cubism. For example, in Ambroise Vollard, Pablo used extremely dark colors unlike the contemporary bright colors to clearly bring out the lines and geometric shapes. Someone could have easily interpreted this for a color mix-up or an attempt to conceal certain elements of the portrait hence the multiple meanings as the case with puns. Similarly, he also used a brighter color on the forehead to bring out a folded and flattened head, a depiction that can never fade with time. Combined efforts by Pablo and Braque seemed like a real pun for the major reason that while Pablo, who had a g reat interest in Gauguins work and African masks, was busy exploring Czannes ideas, Braque on the other hand had a great interest in animations and thus celebrated contemplation. The fact that the two artists with diverse interests were working together thus seemed more or less an actual pun.A joke is defined as a certain statement that someone utters or something that one does whose major intention is o cause amusement and laughter. Jokes, therefore, are basically found everywhere regardless of the seriousness of the environment. How then can one be inspired by jokes to come up with analytical cubism? When Pablo Picasso painted the portrait of Ambroise Vollard in 1909, he dissembled a human figure and then reproduced it, through a painting, in a series of flat geometric plates that overlap and join each other at angles. What seemed like a joke in the entire portrait was the fact that a human face was reconstructed from cubes! Georges Braque on the other hand took the joke far when he tried analytic cubism in his village. He kept on reducing the architectural structure of his paintings into geometric forms that resemble cubes and then shaded the painting in a fragmented manner that it looked like both flat as well as three dimensional. The two examples given above illustrate that the two artists never had a concrete idea an mind but kept on experimenting in a what seemed like jokes to perfect on their artistic style. At the end of it, the entire artistic style, analytic cubism resembled a joke because there is no way a human painting can be divided into three dimensional jokes unless one is joking.Visual games are often interactive and contain static graphics generated through anime-style art or times video footages. According to Pablo Picasso, there is a lot of creativity in visual games and that is what interested him. The presentation of live characters I visual games is in itself an art. Hence, Pablo and Braque wanted to have a replica of visual games char acters but in still images and paintings. Drawing such characters on paper wouldnt bring out the creative aspect as intended by the two artistes and hence, they continuously experimented on how best to present the humor and creativity of such characters in still paintings. When coming up with analytic cubism, Pablo and Bra...

Global Competitive Advantage - Apple Case Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2042 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? International Business Global competitive advantage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" creating and sustaining: the case of Apple Inc. The purpose of this essay is to discuss theoretical ideas behind creating and sustaining global competitive advantage; then applying these in an analysis of Apple Inc. Using the star analysis, I will examine how the company achieves global competitive advantage by means of efficiency, flexibility and learning. Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation, founded in April 1976, headquartered in Cupertino, California, US (Apple.com, 2014). The company designs, manufactures and retails consumer electronics, online services, personal computers and software. Apple is also thelargest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization, second-largest information technology companyby revenue and theworlds third-largest mobile phone maker (Forbes.com, 2013). Globalisation plays a major role in achieving global competitive advantage. The merge of distinct and historically separate national markets into one global market place poses many advantages as well as disadvantages for companies operating world-wide (Hill, 2005). Home country Apple states that it differs from other companies within the same sector as it was set up to create value by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“seeking innovations and creating an organization that can implement themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Steve Jobs, 2000). The company is thought to have a very powerful management and corporate culture, which promotes innovation in everything they do, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“from their products to marketing and deliveryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ; which is key in differentiating their brand from the competition (The Harvard Review, 2011). Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1980) value chain helps businesses examine additional competitive capabilities hidden in primary and support activities. For the purpose of this assignment, I will concentrate on exploring primary activities that predominately apply to how Apple creates value and thus gains competitive advantage. Research and development is one of the primary activities, where Apple creates value. The company designs and develops products which are rich in design and user experience. Throughout the years, Apple has created a brand culture, attracting customers who identify with the brands values: innovativeness, simplicity, and coolness (Forbes, 2012).This core competence alone gives the company a distinguished brand image in the market, and a competitive advantage, which succeeds even in the face of multiple competitors (Apple.com, 2014). Marketing and sales is a very important sector for a company competing within the fast-developing technology sector. Perceived scarcity of Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products makes them seen as luxury goods therefore more desirable and in demand (Forbes, 2011). Apple is also seen as the master of preserving confidentiality during the product development phase. On the other hand, the company is also named the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“master of the teaser marketing campaignà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Telegraph, 2013). Each time a new product is due to be launched, leakages feed the media and internet creating speculations months prior to the actual launch. This creates a free marketing momentum prior to paid marketing campaign. The Apple store is a place where customers are able to sense the Apple experience delivered by the products, but also by the well-trained staff. Employees are trained not to focus on sales but on building relationships and creating loyal customers. This approach makes customers feel like Apple enriches their lives, thus improves brand image and creates value (The Business Review, 2011). Partner country Businesses are often unable to sustain continuous high levels of productivity over long periods of time without accessing knowledge from beyond their boundaries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they require external knowledge to develop new inno vations (Haeussler et al. 2014). According to Bing-Sheng et al. (1998), increasing formation of strategic alliances can be seen as a response toglobalisationand increasing uncertainty and complexity in the business environment. A strategic alliance is an agreement between two or more organisations to collaborate on a specific business activity or an on-going project, whilst maintaining their own identity. The main aim of an alliance is for both firms to benefit from achieving economies of scale and greater access to target markets, sharing of knowledge and expertise as well as the reduction of risk and costs thus gaining competitive advantage (Bing-Sheng et al. 1998). Apple Inc. has recently announced a new partnership with IBM. The main aim of the alliance is to team up à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“market-leading strengthsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of both companies to renovate enterprise mobility with the use of IMBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s data and analytical capabilities and Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ha rdware and software as well as unique customer experience (Apple, 2014). According to Forbes (2014), IBM will also sell iPhones and iPads to business clients worldwide. This demonstrates that Apple will benefit from greater access to new target markets whilst IBM will advantage from selling Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products to their customers. Furthermore, a strategic alliance with IBM poses a great potential advantage for Apple as IBM holds extensive understanding of enterprise business conditions and demands. Consequently, Apple could act opportunistically and learn from their competitor. Partner selection is vital to forming a successful strategic alliance (Hill, 2014). IBM will help Apple achieve its strategic goals through greater enterprise market access, gaining access to critical core competencies of IBM and sharing the costs and risks of new product development. On the other hand, according to Hill (2014), the failure rate for strategic alliances seems to be high; this i s why an alliance should be structured so that threat of opportunism is minimised. Contractual safeguards have to be written into the alliance agreement to protect core competencies of the company (Hill, 2014). Apple and IBM both agreed to bring together complementary skills and assets that neither company could develop on its own (Forbes, 2014) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this reduces the threat of opportunism from both sides as both companies will benefit from the alliance. An additional way of successfully managing a strategic alliance is to recognise opportunities ahead of the competition (Haeussler et al. 2014). Critics outline that Apple didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t realise the importance of a strategic alliance with Microsoft early enough. Consequently, if Apple would have licensed their Mac OS operating system, when it first came out, perhaps Windows would not be as successful (Forbes, 2014). This demonstrates that strategic alliances can pose a great competitive advantage when recogni sed at the right time and managed correctly. Supplier country International businesses often face make-or-buy decisions about whether they should perform a certain activity in-house or outsource elsewhere. Companies usually internalise core competence activities in order to protect proprietary product technology, accumulate dynamic capabilities and improve scheduling. On the other hand, activities seen as peripheral to core competence are usually externalised with the aim of lowering cost and achieving strategic flexibility (Parmigiani, 2007). As outlined earlier in this essay, Apple Inc. perceives designing and developing its products as the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s core competence, hence these activities are internalised to avoid opportunism from competing companies. Acquisition of businesses can also help protecting and expanding core competencies of the company. Apple acquires smaller businesses in order to gain skills and intellectual property to work on new projects (Tim Cook, 2013), for instance: in recent years, the company acquired Siri (a voice-recognition system) as well as a series of mapping start-ups that shaped the basis of Apple Maps (Apple.com, 2014). In contrast, critics debate if Apple should become more acquisitive as they are moving from traditional personal computers to smart phones and mobile computing, where competition is much tougher (Forbes, 2014). When balancing between internalisation and externalisation, companies have to consider transaction cost analysis of boundary decisions, including the most efficient way of governing it. Internalised design and development of Apple products demonstrates the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hierarchical approach to transaction cost analysis of boundary decisions, where costs are high as activities are performed in-house, however: threat of opportunism is kept at its minimum (Hill, 2014). On the other side of the spectrum, activities such as manufacturing are externalised and perfo rmed by other companies such as Foxconn Technology Group, located in China (Apple, 2014). This is also an example of intermediate governance as both firms benefit from the manufacturing contract. Offering a relatively high-skilled, low-priced labour force as well as a good business infrastructure and a stable economy, China is an ideal location for manufacturing Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products (The Economist, 2014). Furthermore most of the products needed for manufacturing are made in China thus lowering the cost of production (Forbes, 2014). As outlined above, the more complex the governance mechanism, the more effective it will be in reducing the threat of opportunism. On the other hand, market governance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" although relatively cheap, will allow competing companies to act opportunistically (Barney, 1999). Bearing in mind the transaction cost economies; Apple balances between internalisation and externalisation efficiently, thus creating a competitive advantage. Customer country: Integrationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Responsiveness (IR) is vital to achieve global competitive advantage. This framework outlines that companies should balance between pressures for cost reduction and local responsiveness (Hill, 2014). As demonstrated below, the integration-responsiveness framework presents four distinct approaches to IR. Apple Inc. operates under international strategy: products are designed focusing on domestic customers, whilst international business is sought as a way of replicating its home-market success (Kendall et al. 1990). This means that Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products are standardised: engineering, design and manufacturing is all controlled by one source à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this gives the company greater control as well as a competitive advantage as it differentiates from competing businesses (Forbes, 2013). Consequently, differentiation becomes the main competitive strategy as international strategy is not the m ost cost-efficient. Furthermore, international strategy is well suited for high-end products also allowing greater control over the company (Rothaermel, 2013). Apple has a strong brand image, with products seen as up-market and luxury (Forbes, 2014). This demonstrates that the company does not have to alter its IR as pressure for local responsiveness and cost reduction is relatively low. On balance, based on application of academic frameworks in research I conducted, I believe that Apple generates and maintains substantial global competitive advantage over its rivals. Activities such as: building efficient global supply chains, flexibility when managing risks and opportunities and learning from international exposure as well as partnership with other companies all help Apple become an innovative company with a strong brand reputation and a sustained global competitive advantage. References: Apple (2014) Apple/About. Available from: https://www.apple.com/uk [Accessed: 1 Dece mber 2014]. Apple Press Info (2014) Apple and IBM Forge Global Partnership to Transform Enterprise Mobility. Available from: https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/library/2014/07/15Apple-and-IBM-Forge-Global-Partnership-to-Transform-Enterprise-Mobility.html. [Accessed 30 November 2014]. Barney, J.B. (1999) How a Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Capabilities Affect Boundary Decisions. MIT Sloan Management Review, 40 (3) 137-145. Bing-Sheng, T; Das, T. K (1998) Resource and Risk Management in the Strategic Alliance Making Process. Journal of Management. 24 (1) 21-42 Forbes (2013) Apple Dominates List Of The Worlds Most Valuable Brands. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/11/06/apple-dominates-list-of-the-worlds-most-valuable-brands . [Accessed 28 November 2014]. Forbes (2014) Apple IBM Partnership: Enough To Solve Enterprise iOS Fears?. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/leoking/2014/07/16/apple-ibm-partnership-enough-to-solve-enterprise-ios-fears/ . [Accessed 30 November 2014]. Forbes (2014). This Is Why China Is So Important For Apple. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckjones/2014/09/22/this-is-why-china-is-so-important-for-apple/. [Accessed 25 November 2014]. Forbes (2012) Why Apple Is a Great Marketer. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinemoorman/2012/07/10/why-apple-is-a-great-marketer/. [Accessed 26 November 2014]. Forbes (2014) Why Can Apple Make Things But IBM Cant? Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathansalembaskin/2014/10/21/why-can-apple-make-things-but-ibm-cant/. [Accessed 30 November 2014]. Haeussler, C; Higgins, M. (2014) Strategic Alliances: Trading Ownership for Capabilities. Journal of Economic and Management Strategy. 23 (1) 178-203. Harvard Business Review (2011) Retail Isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t Broken. Stores Are. Available from: https://hbr.org/2011/12/retail-isnt-broken-stores-are/ .[Accessed 1 December 2014]. Harvard Business Review (2011) What I Learned Building the Apple Store. Available from: https://hbr.org/2011/11/what-i-learned-building-the-ap. [Accessed 30 November 2014]. Hendrix, J. (2014) Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Organizational Structure. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/7937905/Apples_Organizational_Structure. [Accessed 26 November 2014]. Hill, C. (2005) International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace (5thedn), McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Hill, C. (2014) International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. New York: McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Hofstede, G. (1983) The Cultural Relativity of Organisational Practices and Theories, Journal of International Business Studies 14 (2) 75-89. Kendall, R. Allen J. M. (1990). An Empirical Analysis of the Integration-Responsiveness Framework in Global Industries. International Journal of Business Studies. 21,(4) 541-564. Moore, A. T; Segal G. F. (2002) Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Outsourcing Correctional Services. Available from : https://reason.org/files/4ca7ce58f2a7b7a1529a21927459880a.pdf . [Accessed 28 November 2014]. Ohmae, K. (1989) The global logic of strategic alliances. Harvard Business Review. Pp. 143-154. Parmigiani, P. (2007) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Why do Firms Both Make and Buy?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Strategic management journal. 29 (3) 295-303. Porter, M (1980). Competitive strategy. The ultimate business library, Wiley. Available from: https://search.credoreference.com.ezproxy.uwe.ac.uk/content/entry/wileyultbuslib/michael_porter_competitive_strategy_1980/0 [Accessed: 26 November 2014]. Rothaermel, F.T. (2013) Strategic Management. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Economist (2014) Chinese Economy. Available from: https://www.economist.com/topics/chinese-economy. [Accessed 1 December 2014]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Competitive Advantage Apple Case Study" essay for you Create order