Geographic Information Systems Essays - , Term Papers

Geographic Information Systems Geographic information systems (GIS) technology can be used for scientific investigations, resource management, and development planning. For example, a GIS might allow emergency planners to easily calculate emergency response times and effected areas of the ocean during an oil spill based on the spills location. You may ask, what is GIS? In the strictest sense, a GIS is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including operating personnel and the data that go into the system. A geographic information system (GIS) works in a series of steps, First there is the relating information from different sources. If you could relate information about oil spill location to the oceans surface currents, you might be able to tell where to start clean up based on how long the oil has been in the ocean. A GIS, which can use information from many different sources, in many different forms can help with such analyses. The primary requirement for the source data is that the locations for the variables are known. Location may be annotated by x, y, and z coordinates of longitude, latitude, and elevation and any variable that can be located spatially can be fed into a GIS. Several computer databases that can be directly entered into a GIS are being produced by Federal agencies and private firms. Different kinds of data in map form can be entered into a GIS. A GIS can also convert existing digital information, which may not yet be in map form into forms it can recognize and use. For example, digital satellite images can be analyzed to produce a map like layer of digital information about marine life productivity. Likewise, sea-grass data can be converted to map-like form, serving as layers of thematic information in a GIS. Next Step for Geographic information systems (GIS) would be to Capture the data If the data to be used is not already in digital form, that is, in a form the computer can recognize, various techniques can capture the information. Maps can be digitized, or hand-traced with at computer mouse, to collect the coordinates of features. Electronic scanning devices will also convert map lines and points to digits. A GIS can be used to emphasize the spatial relationships among the objects being mapped. While a computer-aided mapping system may represent a shoreline simply as a line, a GIS may also recognize that shoreline as the border between ocean and land, and correctly display the tidal differences of the shoreline based on its location on the earth. Data capture, putting the information into the system, is the time-consuming component of GIS work. Identities of the objects on the map must be specified, as well as their spatial relationships. Editing of information that is automatically captured can also be difficult. Electronic scanners record blemishes on a map just as faithfully as they record the map features. For example, a fleck of dirt might connect two lines that should not be connected. Extraneous data must be edited, or removed from the digital data file. After the data is collected we must integrate the data. A GIS makes it possible to link, or integrate, information that is difficult to associate through any other means. Thus, a GIS can use combinations of mapped variables to build and analyze new variables. Before the digital data can be analyzed, they may have to undergo other manipulations - projection conversions, for example - that integrate them into a GIS. Projection is a fundamental component of mapmaking. A projection is a mathematical means of transferring information from the Earth's three-dimensional curved surface to a two-dimensional medium - paper or a computer screen. Different projections are used for different types of maps because each projection is particularly appropriate to certain uses. For example, a projection that accurately represents the shapes of the continents will distort their relative sizes. Since much of the information in a GIS comes from existing maps, GIS uses the processing power of the computer to transform digital information, gathered from sources with different projections to a common projection. Can a seabed map be related to a satellite image of marine life, as indicator of the importance of seabed to marine life productivity? Yes, but since digital data are collected and stored in various ways, the two data sources may not be entirely compatible. So a GIS must be able to convert data from one structure to another. Image data from a satellite that

Theme Assignment Great Expectations Essays

Theme Assignment Great Expectations Essays Theme Assignment Great Expectations Essay Theme Assignment Great Expectations Essay Essay Topic: Great Expectations â€Å"If we command our wealth, we shall be rich and free; if our wealth commands us, we are poor indeed.† This quote by Edmund Burke explains the complex topic of wealth and moral integrity. Wealth plays a big role in our lives and determines our social class. With this comes the generalization that if you are of lower class, you will have low moral integrity and if you are of upper class, you will have high moral integrity. Rather, it is commonly the opposite. In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens develops the ironic theme that commoners of the lower class have high moral values as they are unaffected by pride and greed, and, therefore, are uncommon; conversely, those of the upper class have low moral values as they are commonly motivated by pride and greed. Through the characters of Joe, Bentley Drummle and Pip, we can see how their social class determines their moral integrity. But I did mind you, Pip, he returned, with tender simplicity. When I offered to your sister to keep company, and to be asked in church at such times as she was willing and ready to come to the forge, I said to her, And bring the poor little child. God bless the poor little child, I said to your sister, theres room for him at the forge!' (pg. 53) Joe, a blacksmith, is Pip’s brother-in-law but more importantly, he develops to be Pip’s father figure as the novel progresses. He married Pip’s sister, Mrs. Joe, to be able to take care of both of them. As a commoner, you would expect that he would want some benefit from his marriage. But, in reality, Joe actually loses more than he gains. He has to support two more people now, and he is constantly being abused by Mrs. Joe, whether the beatings be intended for himself or Pip. So, as we can see, there is no evident benefit Joe is getting from his marriage. Well, at least not from a reader’s perspective. Right off the bat, we can tell from this example what kind of person Joe is: a loving, selfless and

Lear Wont Take a Backseat Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lear Wont Take a Backseat - Case Study Example Lear’s window of opportunity for strategic advantage given by using virtual reality environment would not be for long as the technology is increasingly being adopted within the business strategy and processes across the globe. It has at the most around one to two years of advantage before its competitors catch up with it. With fast advancing technology, the businesses are rapidly adopting the technology-based changes in their processes. It is envisioned that within the next two years, Lear’s competitors would be able to acquire expertise and competency in the designing and working in the virtual environment. Hence, it is important that Lear continuously try to innovate to maintain its competitive advantage in the industry. Â  CAD system does offer Lear huge advantage because it hugely facilitated in digitalizing the manual process of designing. It helped the designers in creating designs that could be changed with the flick of cursor that not only saved time but also the physical labor-intensive way of designing with clay. Â  Virtual reality system significantly adds value to Lear and GM mainly through the creation of value chain that simplifies the various related processes and integrates them to reduce time. At the same time, it increases efficiency and gives the company distinct advantage in the market. Initially, it involved designers, sculptors, and final production/ manufacturing. Lear’s use of technology eliminated the need for sculptors and designers were able to design prototypes and make appropriate correction to suit the customers without bothering with manual clay modeling of the design. The three-dimensional virtual reality environment helped them to visualize and experience the real product in a virtual environment. This was vital input that created a whole new concept of the value chain for GM. Â  Lear executives could seek a number of competitive advantages from IS in general.

Sociological Journal Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sociological Journal Analysis - Essay Example This allows for the symbolic interactionist between the formally obese individual and others to be more honest and real, instead of the obese individual being labeled by symbols of lazy, dirty, and gluttonous. This article does provide a coherent theoretical background. The article explains exactly how the symbolic interactionist approach is used, the relevance of a person with a stigma, and provides credible resources to back up the claims being asserted. The scope of the obesity problem is also explored. The article is very thorough when providing a solid theoretical background. The theory of using a symbolic interactionist approach on the stigma of obesity explains the new epidemic of obesity. This problem has become more prevalent in recent times. Obesity is a given class of social phenomena. This article gives the social dimensions and properties of being obese. For example, Boggess reports â€Å"Recent media articles have announced that being overweight, or obese, can cost corporations millions of dollars in health care expenses, extra gas, and even extra jet fuel for planes.† Boggess also explains the social aversion toward obese individuals. Health issues are also explained in this article. In addition, this article explains how and why the symbolic interactionist approach is relevant. The basis of the symbolic interactionist approach is defined as â€Å"individuals engaged in an interaction to assume certain expectations of each other, and to follow through with the expectations placed on them† (Boggess). Obese people are expected to be lazy, dirty, and have no self control. This leads to the need to the theory that accepting obesity can lead to coping with the condition, which would make interaction between the obese and others truer and better for both groups. This article clearly defines the nature of the relation between the dimensions and properties of the obese, normal, and symbolic interactionist

Prenuptial Agreements in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Prenuptial Agreements in UK - Essay Example Prenuptial agreements are not binding in the UK; however, the courts proved that, in case of Radmacher v Granatiano, circumstances had to be considered. They applied the requirements of the prenuptial leaving out parts that contravened principles of family law. Prenuptial agreements have remained to be a contentious issue since it can leave out fundamental principles. Such principles include being silent about children that may be born in the course of the marriage or insufficient funds or funds being allocated inefficiently leaving kids without being properly provided for. In case of such circumstances, the court has the authority to divide family assets in order to ensure children rule a decision in any other appropriate way. A pre-nap can be used to reduce the court’s authority to divide family money. Radmacher going to court to challenge the prenuptial agreement undermined decision held in Macleod v Macleod . In this case, it was held that prenuptial agreements could not be binding and made a distinction between prenuptial and post-nuptial agreements. The Privy Council’s decision in this case shed light on how judiciary viewed this issue during that period. In Radmacher’s case judges stated that they did not recognize any difference between pre and post marital agreements. This change of position has been supported by scholars such as Joanna Miles who argues that there is no difference between a spouse and a fiancà ©. This means that whether the agreement is made before or after solemnization of marriage should not matter. An additional effect of this case is that it provides a way that can result into pre-nuptial agreements becoming binding in the UK. This, however, can only happen if it is under the right circumstances. It, therefore, becomes necessary to consider the effects that pre-nuptial agreements will have on marriage after this decision. The first significant effect is that, after this decision, there will be legal certainty. Prenuptial agreements will help couples to know what will happen to their finances in case of a divorce. Courts have been known to be extremely inconsistent in the past and certainty is welcomed. However, these

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Context There are certain contractual rights and obligations when two parties indulge in a contract. The first two case studies put light on these rights and obligations. Then there are some laws which are applicable when breach of a contract occurs. The next two case studies put light on these laws as breach has occurred and someone has to be sued and someone has to be compensated. These laws contain tort laws and vicarious liability laws. These laws are applicable when negligence has been occurred in the existing contracts. Learning outcome 1 Task 1 Essential Elements of a Business Contract Least two gatherings At least two gatherings are required to enter into a contact. One gathering need to make an offer and other must acknowledge it. The individual who makes the proposal or offer is known as the promisor or offer or. While, the individual to whom the offer is made is known as the offeree and the individual who acknowledges the offer is known as the acceptor. Offer and acknowledgement There must be an offer and an acknowledgement to the offer, coming about into an understanding. Both offer and acknowledgement ought to be legitimate. Legitimate commitments The gatherings must plan to make a lawful obligation. The understanding looked to be upheld ought to mull over lawful relations between the gatherings to it. Legitimate thought An agreement is fundamentally a deal between two gatherings, each one getting something of worth or profit to them. This something is portrayed in law as attention. Thought is a fundamental component of a substantial contract. It is the cost for which the guarantee of alternate is purchased. An agreement without attention is void. The attention may be as cash, administrations rendered, products traded or an offering which is of worth to the next gathering. This attention may be past, present or future, yet it must be legal. Skillful gatherings The gatherings making the agreement must be legitimately equipped as in every must be of the period of larger part, of a sound personality, and not explicitly excluded from contracting. An assertion by awkward gatherings might be a legitimate nullity. Free assent The contracting gatherings must give their assent openly. Assent implies that the gatherings must concur about the topic of the assertion in the same sense and in the meantime. Agree is said to be free in the event that it is not actuated by pressure, undue impact, fraud, misrepresentation or oversight. The nonappearance of free assent would influence the lawful enforceability of an agreement. Legitimate item The object of the understanding must be legal. An understanding is unlawful, in the event that it is:- (i) illicit (ii) corrupt (iii) fake (iv) of a nature that, if allowed, it would overcome the procurements of any law (v) causes harm to the individual or property of an alternate (vi) contradicted to open approach. Not explicitly pronounced void An assent ion explicitly announced to be void under the Contract Act or under whatever available law is not enforceable and is, accordingly, not an agreement. The Contract Act announces void certain sorts of assertions, for example, those in limitation of marriage, or exchange, or legitimate transactions and additionally wagering understandings. Certainty and plausibility of execution The terms of an agreement should not be obscure or questionable. On the off chance that an assent ion is unclear and its significance cant be found out, it cant be upheld. Also, the terms of an agreement must be, for example, are equipped for execution. Consent to do an unthinkable demonstration is void and is not enforceable by law. Lawful conventions Generally, an agreement may be oral or in composing. Then again, certain agreement is obliged to be in composing and may even oblige enrollment. Accordingly, where law requires consent to be placed in composing or be enlisted, the same must be agreed to. Case in point, the Indian Trusts Act requires the making of a trust to be lessened to composing. Types of Business Contract Leases The two sorts of leases are genuine property leases and gear leases. True property leases, now and then called business leases, include leasing structures, area or other space. Among the contemplations for a business lease are characterizing the premises, characterizing how you can utilize the rented space, whether you or the landowner pays for adjustments and upgrades and all money related issues. A supplies lease may include anything from leasing a copier to an armada of development gear. Work Related Contracts Organizations may have contracts with their representatives, for example, a livelihood understanding, job detachment assertion, worker no compete understanding or classifiedness understanding. For non-representatives giving administrations, a business may have an autonomous builder understanding or counseling assertion. Deals Related Contracts A bill of offer legitimately exchanges the title of property and is most usually utilized for things, for example, autos and watercrafts. An understanding for the offer of products gives particular data about the merchandise or administrations being sold. A buy request subtle elements the definite merchandise or administrations being obtained. Guarantees are lawful assurances about products or administrations sold. At the point when a business offers great to a purchaser paying in portions, a security assertion gives the business the right to repossess the products if the purchaser doesnt make installments. Terms in Contract The substance of an agreement is known as terms. An assertion will by and large comprise of different terms. Indeed the least difficult types of agreement will have terms. Terms may be either: Express terms those concurred between the gatherings themselves. Inferred terms terms which are put into the agreement by the court. Articulations made throughout the course of transactions could be named either: An express term if not satisfied the pure party may bring a movement for rupture of agreement. A representation if not satisfied the pure party may bring a movement for adulteration. As a feature of an insurance contract the blameless party may sue on the security contract. The principle contract stays in place A deals puff not expected to be tying. Has no lawful impact. E.g. Red Ball provides for you wings. Learning Outcome 2 Task 2 Case 1 If we apply the essential elements leading to a contract on case 1, then my analysis will take the following shape. Elements Leading to Contract Application on Case 1 Minimum two Parties Gordon (Salesman) and Fred (Manager) are the Required Parties here. Offer and Acceptance Fred made an offer to Gordon which was accepted by him. Legal Obligation After the offer was accepted by Gordon, a legal Obligation has been created on both the parties to follow the contractual rules. Free Consent Both the parties agreed to the terms and conditions to their free Consent. Competent Parties Both the parties are of sound age and mind. Rights and Obligations of the Parties Gordon who is a salesman has indulged in a Contract with his manager Fred that he will not take his salary for the year 2009, 2010, 2011 and will only rely on the commission that he will be getting from the sales. So after this the right of Gordon is only on the sales commission and his obligation is not to take his three years’ Salary. Fred has the right to deny his 3 years’ salary if he comes to get it in the contractual period. And he has the obligation to give sales commission to Gordon irrespective of the amount earned. Terms of Contract As per the information provided in Case 1, the terms of contract between Gordon and Fred is Express terms. It is because both the parties agreed to the contract on their own consent. Fred as a manager asked Gordon to forgo his 3 years’ salary because of the declining state of the business and Gordon accepted it to boost the performance of the business. Now after the business started growing again Gordon wants his forgone salary to be returned back. But as he was in an agreement with Fred that he will forgo his salary so he will not be able to get it back. Case 2 My analysis of the case 2 provides the following point It was the right of Janet to be provided phone installation services on the same day as internet installation because it was the obligation of Virgin Media to provide the said services. The services were provided late despite of repeated calls and emails and when the bill came the phone charges were the same as internet and in reality the phone was installed 3 weeks after the internet were installed. The legal Position of Janet is very strong against Virgin Media and Janet should sue the company for their action because on record it is present that the phone was not installed on the same day and there were complaints and emails which are present on record. The company should be sued and Janet should get the benefit and virgin media has done breach of contract. Learning Outcome 3 Task 3 Obligation of consideration alludes to the circumstances and connections which the law perceives as offering ascent to a lawful obligation to fare thee well. A disappointment to take such mind can bring about the respondent being at risk to pay harms to a gathering who is harmed or endures misfortune as a consequence of their rupture of obligation of forethought. Accordingly it is vital for the petitioner to build that the litigant owed them an obligation of forethought. The presence of an obligation of forethought relies on upon the kind of misfortune and distinctive legitimate tests apply to diverse misfortunes. This address considers the position in connection to individual damage and property harm. In tort law, an obligation of consideration is a legitimate commitment which is forced on an individual obliging adherence to a standard of sensible forethought while performing any demonstrations that could predictably hurt others. It is the first component that must be built to continue with an activity in carelessness. The inquirer must have the capacity to demonstrate an obligation of forethought forced by law which the litigant has ruptured. Thus, rupturing an obligation may subject a single person to risk. The obligation of consideration may be forced by operation of law between people with no present immediate relationship (familial or contractual or generally), however in the end get related in some way, as characterized by normal law. Obligation of consideration may be viewed as a formalization of the social get, the verifiable obligations held by people towards others inside public opinion. It is not a prerequisite that an obligation of consideration be characterized by law, however it will frequently create through the law of regular law. There are a few crucial contrasts in the middle of agreement and tort laws. A standout amongst the most critical contrasts is the issue of assent. In an agreement, the gatherings must enter into the assertion intentionally and without being forced. In place for the agreement to be substantial, each one gathering must agree to the conclusion of the agreement as expressed in the report. This implies that one gathering cant drive the other to enter into the agreement without their assent. In this manner, harms in an agreement assert generally need to do with a mix-up or an error between the gatherings, since they are regularly mindful of what they managing in the agreement. Then again, the cooperation in a tort is never focused around assent. Torts for the most part include an interruption by one gathering into the security, wellbeing, benefit, or protection of the victimized person. Truth be told, if the exploited person agrees to the tortious behavior, it can serve as a barrier that will keep them from recuperating harms. This distinction concerning assent is reflected in the way that courts recompense harms. For contracts, the motivation behind a harms grant is to restore the gatherings to their position before the break happened. In a torts assert, the harms are normally honored to repay the victimized person for their misfortune. Correctional harms are some of the time honored in a tort suit so as to rebuff the respondent. Correctional harms are once in a while issued in an agreement claim. Task 4 Nature of liability: Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) The paramount key of the case is about the neighbor rule. Indeed, obviously there would be a risk of the managers boutique de Tam to Bony. Be that as it may whether ginger brew maker owes an obligation of consideration to Bony or not? The basic law obligation of consideration, neighbor guideline states: Defendant owes an obligation of forethought to the neighbor. Once more, who neighbor is; and the attention is clarified as: somebody who languishes over the harm brought about by an alternate partys carelessness. So if Bony endured stun and extreme gastro-enteritis brought on by ginger brew makers carelessness, she is a neighbor of that producer. Thusly the producer was in charge of Bonny’s wounds. Nature of Liability: Rylands v Fletcher (1868) Risk under Ryland’s v Fletcher is currently viewed as a specific kind of irritation. It is a manifestation of strict obligation, in that the litigant may be subject without any careless direct on their part. Forcing risk without verification of carelessness is questionable and accordingly a prohibitive methodology has been brought as to obligation under Rylands v Fletcher. There have been endeavors to do away with risk under Ryland’s v Fletcher however the House of Lords have held it. Necessities Collection on the litigants territory. A thing prone to do fiendishness in the event that it escapes. Escape. Non-characteristic utilization of area. The harm should not be excessively remote. Nature of Liability: Bolton v Stone (1951) On 9 August 1947, throughout a round of cricket against the Cheetham second XI at Cheetham Cricket Ground in Manchester, a batsman from the going to group hit the ball for six. The ball flew out of the ground, hitting the inquirer, Miss Stone, who was remaining outside her home in Cheetham Hill Road, more or less 100 yards from the batsman. The club had been playing cricket at the ground since 1864, preceding the street was inherent 1910. The ground was encompassed by a 12-foot (3.7 m) wall, yet the ground slanted up so the wall was 17 feet (5.2 m) over the level of the pitch where the ball passed, something like 78 yards (71 m) from the batsman. There was confirmation that a ball had been hit that far out of the ground just once in a while, something like six times in the most recent 30 years, despite the fact that individuals living closer to the ground reported that balls were hit out of the ground a couple times each one season. The inquirer contended that the ball being hit so far even once was sufficient to give the club cautioning that there was a danger of harming a bystander, altering it with obligation in carelessness for the offended partys wounds. The petitioner additionally guaranteed under the standard in Ryland’s v Fletcher, that the ball was a hazardous thing that had gotten away from the cricket ground, and in annoyance. Task 5 Vicarious obligation is the procedure of considering an individual responsible for the movements of someone else. Regularly, the idea of vicarious obligation applies to executive risk for the movements of their workers. Harmed people that wish to consider bosses responsible for the movements of their workers need to make three components: The representative understanding obliged the worker to work under the bearing and control of the boss. The boss had characteristic power to control the worker. The representatives movements are inside the extent of job. The trouble of verification rests on the individual needing to consider a business responsible. In this manner, acquiring legitimate records about the extent of work is essential. The tenet of vicarious obligation some of the time considers managers in charge of movements of their representatives whose activities were unforeseen. These include: Boss had control over the representatives throughout work hours: Because the business had control over the activities of their workers they ought to be considered capable. Boss profits from the movements of the worker: The representative gets benefits for the business. Hence, the superintendent ought to be in charge of any misfortunes. Learning Outcome 4 Task 6 Case 1 The tort of Negligence says that if a person gets injured due to negligence of another person then the injured person must be compensated for the losses. As in this case, the manager cannot be held responsible for the injury of Paul. It is because he warned all the employees on intercom not to go there. He also instructed other employees to clean up the mess created. If was bad luck of Paul nothing else that he got injured and legally the manager cannot be held responsible for the injury of Paul. According to vicarious liability, a person is held accountable for the injury of another person. Now in this case the manager cannot be held responsible for the injury of Paul because it was not his negligence. He tried his best to minimize the loss but it was bad luck of Paul that he got injured. Case 2 As far as the situation of taking Paul to hospital is concerned, the driver was responsible for all the destruction caused. In this mishap Paul could have died or his injuries may have increased so Paul can sue the driver also. Both tort law and vicarious liability law supports Paul in this context. Now coming toward the shop, it was due to negligence of the shop keeper that Paul was again injured so the shop keeper must be held accountable and according to tort law and vicarious liability the shopkeeper must be sued for his negligence. References http://business.gov.in/manage_business/contracts_elements.php http://smallbusiness.chron.com/kinds-business-contracts-21269.html http://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Duty-of-care.php http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/contract-and-tort-law.html http://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Rylands-v-Fletcher.php http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/vicarious-liability-lawyers.html Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Task 1: Explain the important elements in the contract? Essentially, law can be illuminated as a gathering of principles which are predominantly made by a specific state or government, as a power, is in charge of authorizing the law arranged inside its impact through utilizing different sort of assents. However discussing law we ought to have an impeccable thought regarding three fundamental ideas firstly control, interest the last one is significance. Wellsprings of law are likewise centrality which can be foundations, statue, regulatory law, value, to wrap things up regular law, and so forth. In the event that we discussing the business area, we utilize distinctive classes of law law of agreement are a standout amongst the most generally utilized business law which is fundamentally used to comprehend the future business related matters in a more unsurprising way by individuals involve in contracts. The agreement can be characterized as fundamentally a guarantee that contributes the authority responsibility that the law will be forced. Legal activism, which delivers less unsurprising more adaptable, legal limitation, which makes law more probable less adaptable. These are the two essential issues that considered identified with contracts that need to be characterized fittingly. 1.2 Apply the elements of a contract in business situations? The necessary element of effective contracts in a business situation: An agreement, to be successful in a business system, must have some essential components which can be fundamentally classified in four noteworthy sorts Agreement- In every single contract, there must be an understanding between two gatherings where one gathering wishes to make any sort of legitimate offer the other party essentials to acknowledge the offer made. Consideration To be powerful, every agreement must have a few concerns on the premise of which they include in the agreement. There must be trade of something. The substance stuff of the agreement may change starting with one agreement then onto the next contract. Intention to Build Legal Relationship The substance stuff everything identified with the agreement must be legitimate there ought to be a legal determination between the gatherings. For delineation, X contract Y for 700 pound to execute Z this is not a substantial or a powerful contract in light of unlawful reason. Capability of the Parties Elaborate Every gathering in the agreement must be talented of including into the agreement. Little children mental persons are not lawfully permitted to take part in contract. Above given are four vital fundamental components of any agreement to make it viable in the judgment of law. Some other noteworthy matters need to be considered while discussing contracts. Agreement of the Parties taking into account the adage of Randy E. Barnett (2003), each gathering in the agreement ought to come cheerfully. Nobody can compel other to include in the agreement. In the event that any gathering do something to that effect, then it wont be considered as a compelling contract. Written- Contract can be of two type’s first one is oral or written but it is the top decision to make a composed contract so that no issue will emerge later on when it comes to to impose the contract. Certainty To be effective, the substance stuff of the contract must be certain, detailed specific. Remedies of the Breach of Contract A court may give cash other sort of point of interest to a gathering if the court feels that that gathering has been influenced by the break of the agreement by the other party (Honeyman et al. 2007). 1.3 Apply the law on terms in different contracts? The significance of necessary element required for the formation of effective contract: As per Scott Fruehwald (2009), Necessary components make an agreement compelling without these components we cant envision an agreement to be viable authorized under law in the forthcoming. In business, individuals need to include various types of agreement in some cases various types of issue may emerge regarding the matter of usage. The happenings of one gathering, without the proposition of an alternate gathering, may get misfortune or may cause harm for other gathering. At some point breaking of agreement by one gathering may cause genuine misfortune for an alternate gathering. On the off chance that any kind of harm jumps out at a gathering because of any sort of activity by some other gathering, the gathering holding the misfortune may rushed to court claim for the harms been created from that gathering. A gathering can prompt court just when it is a viable contract. In the event that it is unlawful contract, around then the no party can move ahead to court for the misfortune or some other reason for any. An agreement is viewed as illicit just when it does not have any of the fundamental fixings required for the foundation of an effective contract. That is the reason, it is asked to make sure that each agreement has all the essential fixings to make it compelling all gatherings ought to be allowed to all the conditions made in the agreement by both sides at that fourth measurement. 1.4 Evaluate the effect of different terms in contract? The Influence of Different Contracts: Contracts can be categorized in different types the influence of different types of contract may also vary from contract to another contract (Feinman et al. 2010). Bilateral and Unilateral Contracts- when both parties of the contract settled on to do or to make approximately is called bilateral contract, where both parties involve agreeing to establish or retain an exact promise. Express and Implied Contracts- at the point when two gatherings in an agreement characterize unmistakably all the terms conditions, that are touched to the agreement, to one another is called express contract. A large portion of the agreement happened in business are express contracts. At the point when the work, conduct, activities execution of the gatherings of an agreement to demonstrate that they have recorded into the agreement, then it is called inferred contract. Executor and Executed Contracts at the point when one or all the gatherings included in an agreement dont perform the obligation they should fulfill, then it is called agent contract. At the point when all gatherings included in an agreement, execute all the activities obligation they are supposed to achieve then it is called executed contract. Valid, Unenforceable, Voidable, and Void Agreements in view of the idiom of P.S. Atiyah (1979), the agreement that fulfills all the essentials of law so it will be simpler for the court to require is called viable understanding. At the point when all the gatherings in an agreement chose to deliver a successful deal, however the declaration of some law by the court make a prevention to drive it is known as unenforceable assertion. At the point when the rules of the law permit any of the gatherings of the agreement to annihilation the understanding made is known as a voidable contract. At the point when no capacity of the agreement cant legitimately authorize the understanding, which can be a direct result of a few reasons like unlawful arrangement or are not lawfully gifted in structuring an agreement, made then it is known as a void assertion. Task 2: Be able to apply the elements of the contracts in business situations? About Essentials of contract in a business state So far, we have argued that the various kinds of elements of contract are now we will discuss some essentials of contract in the business state as given below: Business Situation 1: Miss Kelvin can legitimately make a move against the salesperson in light of the fact that the barker didnt show in the perception that the power means Miss Kelvin can wipe out the closeout of anything, the pen, said rather they raised the name of the pen in the bartering rundown that is the reason Miss Kelvin travel so far away for that specific pen. Around then Miss Kelvin can legally case travel use from the barker as they didnt show in the notice about the end of anything from the bartering. On the other side, Miss Kelvin cant make legal move against the store associate, Henry, to oversee an alternate pen or that pen for her as the assistant of the shop concurred with her that he will hold up until her rebound yet she didnt examine the fourth measurement when she will give back. In addition in that regard may be prospects that she may not return. Accordingly, on that point is no way that the shop colleague ought to sit tight for her till she come rearward and return pen. Business Situation 2: Yes, Murry has the approved right to claim or power Charlie to pay extra  £5,000 in light of the fact that Charlie was consented to bet up that additional sum after the battle in the wake of getting confirmation from Charlie, Muryy achieved the work in front of an audience. Subsequently, here Charlie is legally bound to pay the additional  £5,000 to Murr Business Situation 3: Yes, Meir can guarantee drive legitimately Harim, his sibling, John, his companion, as they didnt let him know that they are introducing the work to Mir just to get change encounter fairly them two said an exact amount of cash, Harim said he would give  £3000 John said he would give  £1000 on the off chance that he can get the work performed. Furthermore as Mir finished the function according to the necessity of his sibling companion, he can legally guarantee the cash he is ideally expected. 2.2 Assessment of the outcome of different terms in given contracts using given business state Business Situation 4: Here, two critical segments 6 7 we have to concentrate as they are a piece of this understanding they are composed. Besides, these two segments have been acknowledged by R when she joined as an associate for T. As indicated by proviso 6, R shouldnt dress trousers under any circumstances. Thus, T can legally release the agreement as R was wearing trousers. As indicated by 7, there was 20 minutes left to finish the work so T needed to hold up till that 20 minutes to see whether she, R, can do it by the given time or not. Anyhow there was not any term or area that T needs to take after two areas to release the agreement. Along these lines, Ts end of agreement with R under the condition 6 is tasteful. Its not Ts obligation to check whether she is going to hurt mentally, as per legitimate term. 2.3 The principles of responsibility in negligence in business actions There are a few models characterized by the built law to ensure an alternate gathering against the unforeseen risks conduct that cant meet the standard or not as much as that standard are considered as carelessness. Whats more carelessness law set the standard to pundit the way of a man. Dissimilarity between liabilities in tort with contractual liability: There are some essential contrasts between risk in tort contractual obligation. Contractual obligation includes directing understanding risk between business person business. On the other side, tort law is utilized as a part of a condition where an individual has been hurt by an alternate single person. Obligation in tort law contractual risk differs fundamentally regarding issues of substance where contractual risk in light of assent, however risk in tort law does not base on assent. The way court manages these two gives harms is additionally mirroring the critical difference between these two. Clarification of the nature of liability in negligence The negligence entitlement nature of liability have been studied by the lawyer specialist historically. Here we will discuss about four basic nature of liability in negligence- Responsibility of care as indicated by the obligation of consideration a man will be pursued for that misfortune really transpired/her that must be sufficiently practical, yet one needs to basically fruitful the measure of misfortunes happened (Mark Lunney et al. 2003). Breach of Duty an obligation needs to be dead set paying little mind to in the event that it is broken or not, at one time it has been made that the specific respondent owed obligation to the petitioner. Here the trial can be either objective or subjective or can be both. Direct cause it is also known as true causation. The basic question that is straining to serve here is if the misfortune is softening to happen up any occasion if the blamed party does not break the agreement to the harmed party (Van Gerven, W.et al.2001). Legal causation according to Grace, D., and S. Cohen. (2005), sometimes a difference is created between factual causation legal causation in order to avoid the loss that the injured party may supposed to depicted. 2.3: Description of how a business can be vicariously liable Built on the platitude of Ewan McKendrick (2005), the circumstance is which somebody will be seen as in charge of the exclusions or activities of some other single person. In a business setting, a business firm can be regarded in charge of the exercises or activity or the oversight of the representatives work for it which can happen actually amid the time of their work with the firm. It give the sack just as effectively be characterized as where a business firm can be considered in charge of the unlawful exercises of an alternate gathering are called vicariously subject. At that point, the workers a business firm selected that firm will be vicariously subject for the activity of the representatives. Application of principles of liability in negligence, business condition Application of ingredients of the tort of negligence defenses in different business conditions using the given scenario 5 6 below Business Situation 5: Yes, the manager of dock can legally sue the gabs of the boat for the misfortune happened to his dock on the grounds that he has given all sort of guidance about the future conceivable misfortune that can happen. At that point, it’s the obligation of the jabbers of the boat to get beyond any doubt that oil doesnt spill. As the babbles of the boat neglect to act in this way, now he needs to pay the misfortune created to the proprietor of the dock. Business Situation 6: Consenting to the tort of carelessness barriers, the bosses need to acknowledge the obligation of any sort of hardship or damage happened to their workers because of whatever kind of disregard. Here, in spite of the fact that the peril of eye harm was minor, yet it can happen at whatever time, so it is the commitment of the organization, the Shell, to ace the capacity of defensive goggles so as to block conceivable future eye wounds. As Shell didnt say it Bell is not envisioned to utilize defensive goggles. Subsequently, Shell needs to remunerate Bell for the mischief transpired. Application of the essentials of vicarious liability in given business condition in the business state 7 8 below Business Situation 7: Yes, the Safe Homes Ltd is in charge of the sexual misusing made by Alk since he is the jailer he has been utilized by Safe Homes Ltd. As Safe Homes Ltd initiate designate Alk, so now its Alk obligation to have an eye on it. Business Situation 8: Here the Biz and Sons garage Ltd will not be responsible for the action of Amdas Bridge in the case filed by Mr. Alk because Alk gather in a line the case for hitting him. But if Mr. Alk filed a case for showing disrepute to him at that time. Biz and Sons garage Ltd will be responsible for the action of showing disrespect to their customer Mr. Alk. Conclusion: We utilize contract as a part of numerous zones of our life beginning from fundamental family matters to extraordinary business bargains. That is the reason understanding the part of agreement carelessness its utilization in particular territory of business is truly key. This is more imperative in business viewpoint since court of any nation does not allot with invalid contract. An agreement is viewed as invalid, just when it does not have any of the crucial components required for the foundation of a substantial contract. The standard grew by state law requires to be taken after endeavors needs to be arranged to accomplish beyond any doubt that carelessness is not occurring that is going down beneath the flag set by settled rule that everyone must follow. The last huge thing we have to know is that occasionally individuals get stirred up with risk in tort contractual obligation, however there are some fundamental dissimilarities between these two that needs to be cleared up. References: Sweet, J., Schneier, M. (2012).Legal aspects of architecture, engineering and the construction process. Cengage Learning. Stanberry, B. (2006). Legal and ethical aspects of telemedicine.Journal of telemedicine and telecare,12(4), 166-175. Ward, C., Buco, M. J., Chang, R. N., Luan, L. Z. (2002). A generic SLA semantic model for the execution management of e-business outsourcing contracts. InE-Commerce and Web Technologies(pp. 363-376). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. von Branconi, C., Loch, C. H. (2004). Contracting for major projects: eight business levers for top management.International Journal of Project Management,22(2), 119-130. Bainbridge, S. M. (2003). The business judgment rule as abstention doctrine.UCLA, School of Law, Law and Econ. Research Paper, (03-18). Chatterjee, K., Samuelson, W. (Eds.). (2001).Game theory and business applications. USA: kluwer academic publishers. Lando, O. (2006). Liberal, social and ethical justice in European contract law.Common Market Law Review,43(3), 817-833. Miller, E., Rutledge, T. E. (2005). The Duty of Finest Loyalty and Reasonable Decisions: The Business Judgement Rule in Unincorporated Business Organizations.Delaware Journal of Corporate Law,30(2), 343-388.

The Jungle :: Socialism, Sinclair

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout American history, people that have challenged themselves with a cause have had at least some control of major issues present during their lives. Upton Sinclair was one of these influential people. Using his talent for writing, Sinclair wrote his most successful novel, The Jungle. This novel stressed a need to improve conditions for industrial workers, and exposed the faults of Capitalism in order to promote his cause; which was Socialism. Sinclair achieved his goal of promoting Socialism with the story of Jurgis Rudkus and his family. By describing the harsh system in which workers were consumed by, Sinclair uncovered faults in Capitalism, and inversely promoted Socialism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Sinclair’s story, he vividly described the family and the disagreeable situation they were in. The accounts of the meatpacking industry, developed mainly on truth from personal experience, were filled with examples of an unjust work system, corruption by employers, and the resulting low living conditions. For example, Packingtown laborers would be forced to work repeatedly faster, only to see their wages cut numerous times. Also, families became impoverished, causing the children to work. As a result, Elzbieta's son, Stanislovas, was eaten alive by rats. Such major problems in the Capitalist system were focused on throughout the novel. The problems in the meatpacking industry related to issues concerning the entire industrial labor force. Sinclair continued to show that these problems could have been solved by Socialism. The fact that Jurgis joined the Socialist Party and was dedicated to improving his surroundings was how Sinclair displayed the fact that Socialism was a more practical system. The Jungle :: Socialism, Sinclair   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout American history, people that have challenged themselves with a cause have had at least some control of major issues present during their lives. Upton Sinclair was one of these influential people. Using his talent for writing, Sinclair wrote his most successful novel, The Jungle. This novel stressed a need to improve conditions for industrial workers, and exposed the faults of Capitalism in order to promote his cause; which was Socialism. Sinclair achieved his goal of promoting Socialism with the story of Jurgis Rudkus and his family. By describing the harsh system in which workers were consumed by, Sinclair uncovered faults in Capitalism, and inversely promoted Socialism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Sinclair’s story, he vividly described the family and the disagreeable situation they were in. The accounts of the meatpacking industry, developed mainly on truth from personal experience, were filled with examples of an unjust work system, corruption by employers, and the resulting low living conditions. For example, Packingtown laborers would be forced to work repeatedly faster, only to see their wages cut numerous times. Also, families became impoverished, causing the children to work. As a result, Elzbieta's son, Stanislovas, was eaten alive by rats. Such major problems in the Capitalist system were focused on throughout the novel. The problems in the meatpacking industry related to issues concerning the entire industrial labor force. Sinclair continued to show that these problems could have been solved by Socialism. The fact that Jurgis joined the Socialist Party and was dedicated to improving his surroundings was how Sinclair displayed the fact that Socialism was a more practical system.

Direct Mail Homework

1. Who will your target audience(s) be for this coming year? When using direct mail as a medium for fund raising, firms measure their performance by comparing the dollars earned with the dollars spent (Bhagat and Donovan). Hence, for the coming year we should concentrate on those who can give us the maximum amount of money while we keep our costs at the lowest possible. Also, most of our donors are in the retired age bracket. For these reasons we should concentrate on targeting middle age people; those who have are concerned about others and also have the means to help them.2. What proportion of your budget will you allocate for new requests versus ongoing communication? At least half of the budget should be allocated for new requests as the company is in dire need of altering its current donor list age bracket. 3. What other communication tactics might you use to try and reach potential donors? The firm can use many other tactics such as online mailing, setting up a website, making online forums where people can come and discuss new ideas and giving an advertisement in the newspaper.However, newspaper advertisement will cost a lot and thus, the chosen newspaper must be the one which is widely read by the target audience. 4. How might you distinguish yourself from other charities making requests for funds? A lot of fundraisers show their donors the monetary benefits of raising funds through them. We do not think this is a healthy practice as those giving away something should not be interested in getting more back.Hence, we will distinguish ourselves from others by highlighting the benefits that society will get out of our the donors’ gesture to help others. 5. Is there any certain determinant you can think of that might help you identify good potential donors? While identifying potential donors, we will need to know if they have been giving donations in the past and how they feel about that. That can be identified through inviting people to online discu ssions and then contacting those whom we think have the potential via direct mail to give donations.

Sappho Essay Example

Sappho Essay Example Sappho Essay Sappho Essay Island of Losses Summary of Introduction (Peg. 1 1) World Literature; An Anthology of Great Short Stories, Poetry, and Drama The introduction introduces a life of a young poet named Shop. Shop was known as being, Among the earliest known female lyric poets. Sapped poems were composed of detailed material which was recognized by the Greek Philosopher Plato. On the island of Losses, in the town of Eros, Shop was born to an aristocratic family. Following the death of her father, Shop continued to live her life with the aristocratic in her mothers inborn town, Imminent. Later in life, Shop had a daughter and they set their home in Syracuse, Sicily during, a period of political turbulence. The lyric poetry used by Shop was not something that was originally written in her time era. Most poetry was, passed from poet to poet with the goal of keeping the work intact and distinct from the poet who was reciting it. Because of the time era Shop was living in, she was able to keep her poetry distinct and made in her own identity. In most of her poetry Shop was freely influenced by the native folk songs, giving it a personal feel. Shop was the leader and teacher of a group of women and girls from aristocratic families. Because of this, she wrote most of her poetry for them and read it to them during their privileged meetings. Along with the native folk songs contributing to her poetry, her, Family, friends, and feelings, added to the sincerity of her poems. Most of Sapped poems did not survive. Most of the ones that survived are parts of poems found in Egypt. This poem, To an Army Wife, in Saris, is only one of two full poems found to this day. To an Army Wife, in Saris By: Shop Some say cavalry corps, mom infantry, some, again, will maintain that swift oars of our fleet are the finest that whatever one loves, is. This is easily proved: did not Helen she who had scanned the flower of the worlds manhood choose as first among men one who laid Troys honor in ruin? Warped to his will, forgetting love due her own blood, her own child, she wandered far with him. So Inactions, although you being far away forget u s, the dear sound of your footstep and light glancing in your eyes would move me more than glitter of Lydia horse or armored tread of mainland infantry. Understanding the Poem: . Reread the introductory material and then consider the following possibilities: (a) Shop is writing to a friend who is off with her husband in Saris (a city in the ancient kingdom of Lydia, in what is now Turkey); (b) a soldier, away on a tour of duty is writing to his wife back home. Who do you think is the speaker of this poem? Is it important to know who the speaker is? The speaker is a soldier away on a tour of duty, writing to his wife back home. It is very important to know who the speaker of their point of view. It helps give them a voice. 2. Why does the speaker mention the pinions of others (Some say) as well as his or her own opinions? Because this person sees their opinions as important as their own opinions and that it is important to see their point of view on things, Just like their own point of view on things is important to themselves. 3. To what extent, if any, do you think that Inactions has forgotten the speaker? To a small extent has Inactions forgotten the speaker. He is her husband whom went against the will of their parents with her. Forgetting who he is, is merely impossible. Analyzing Literary Technique: 1 . How does Shop appeal to the senses in this poem? What advantage do you find in her approach? Most of the word choices in Sapped poem Whelp the reader understand what they are reading with their senses. For example in line 14 it says she wandered far with him. It gets you to use your sense of sight. Because it gives you an image of what you are reading. By using senses in the poem it gives the reader a help in understanding in what she is trying to explain. 2. What is the function of contrast in this poem? Contrast is used not in exactly in the words she has written. For example dog is to car. The contrast that is in this poem is in the thoughts f the family members of this husband and wife. The parents are not in favor of them getting married, so their thoughts contrast with the thoughts of their children. 3. What does Sapped use of apostrophe contribute to the poem? By using apostrophe, it gives the reader the feeling of missing someone who is not there. In this case the man who is at war is missing his wife back home who, in his life at the moment, is missing. 4. Why does the narrator make an allusion to Helen of Troy? That way the reader can understand where this may be taking place and the time setting. Writing About Literature: 1 . Sapped attitude towards Helen of Troy is despite. She writes as if she despises what she has done and what could happen in the future. In a sense, Shop does treat her analysis of Helen of Troy fairly. What Helen of Troy did was not something that most approved of. So I think in Sapped defense, what she is saying about her is truly fair. The feelings that Shop is suggesting between Helen and Inactions is, Shop is giving the voice of the poem the feelings about Inactions, that Shop has about Helen of Troy. 2. Dear Friend, Im sorry I had to leave you. There are so many more things in this world, and with oh being gone, I had the feeling that I needed to explore it. The war that has possessed you, has possessed you completely. You were never my own, once you left. I have great memories of you. Going against everything my parents had said and marrying me anyway. How unbelievable. But this world is much fuller of experiences than I could have ever imagined, hence the reason I left. I have been searching for the things of this new world I am discovering and I hope you will understand. Yours Truly, Inactions Connotation: The attitudes and feelings associated with a word. These associations an be negative or positive, and have an important influence on style and meaning. The word love has a difference of feelings in the poem. It is happy and Joyful and then turns to sadness and sorrow. Figurative Language: Language that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary or literal meaning of the words. The word fleet in the poem is not known as a ship, it is known as the strong army. Onomatopoeia: The use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning. The word swift in the poem sounds like something that moves quickly. Swift does mean quickly or fast moving. But when re-reading the top of the poem its gives you clues in being bled to come to the conclusion that fleet meaner Army or Military. 12. R. 2. 1 (Evaluation) Students can evaluate how style affects the meaning of text. Most of what is used in the poem is imagery. It helps give you the image off man at War, writing to his lover back home. Other parts of the poem give you the image of someone returning home, a friend missing another, and the light glancing in someones eyes. 12. R. 3. 1 (Analysis) Students can analyze text for the authors style. The author uses a melancholy style of writing, by showing one lover leaving another. As written in the mom, She wandered far with him And the line, Being far away Gives you the sad feeling that is portrayed. 12. R. 4. 1. (Evaluation) Students can evaluate the depiction of human experience in literary works from diverse cultures, locations, and time periods. The time period is in Ancient Greek times. It shows this by having a lovers vendetta with the parents. This poem is kind of similar to the story line of Romeo and Juliet. By knowing that this was similar to Romeo and Juliet, it did help with knowing the time line and what could be happening at that moment.

Policing in Angola The WritePass Journal

Policing in Angola Abstract Policing in Angola Abstract 1 Introduction2 Non state policing in Angola2.1 Pro non state policing2.2 Against Non-state policing3 ConclusionReferencesRelated Abstract With a need to maintain order and protect the citizens, nations such as Angola are grappling with how to create and maintain a police force. This study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of using non-state police forces in a law keeping and enforcement capacity. The results of this study illustrate that there is a high potential for corruption, yet, the need for protection is greater than the possibility of abuse. This study will be of interest to any person delving into the strengths and weaknesses of a non-state policing solution. 1 Introduction The need to ensure the security of the ordinary citizens in the nation of Angola on a day to day basis has prompted the consideration of creating and applying non-state policing actors (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2006). With too little money from the regional government given for a police force, outside actors including businesses, private citizens and foreign nations can be utilized as investors in order to provide the service of policing the community.   Non-state police forces are often unregulated and have the potential to take on a wide variety of forms that will speak to the characteristics of the surrounding population (Wood et al., 2007; Gill, 1994). Yet, it is necessary to avoid varied forces including vigilante groups that seek their own goals to neighbourhood watches and instead seek to stabilize a community made up of equally varied members giving the population to find them working against the same mutual enemy. Violent crime as well as rampant civil rights abuses has continuously promoted the need for a policing force throughout Angola and the entire African continent (Johnston et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007).   Alongside the need to keep the peace is the inherent need of the underlying community to support the force and the policies resting behind the enforcement of the tenants of the region. What cannot be denied is that despite the potential for abuse, there is a need for a centred and recognizable police force, whether a state or non-state actor, in order to ensure that day to day activities that contribute to the long term health of the nation are attended to.   This brief illustrates the pro and con arguments surrounding the non-state police agenda and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the system. 2 Non state policing in Angola 2.1 Pro non state policing There is several sound reasons that a government such as Angola’s would choose to create and implement a non-state policing force (Wood et al., 2007; Hallsworth et al., 2011). Ranking as the primary motivation is the need for community security that allows for day to day activities to progress without hindrance. Furthermore, this perception of cultural stability aids in the operation of the underlying and associated financial and consumer markets that are themselves integral to the stability of the state (Crank et al., 2007; Baker, 2010).   With a law abiding citizenry comes the opportunity to build a sound financial base that allows the operation of external and internal projects.   With high crime rates to blame for abuses against the most vulnerable of Angola, the absence of a police force allows the criminal element to come to the fore, which in turn is directly against the needs of the regional population to grow and prosper (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2006). Enforcement of the law is only one facet of any regions police force, making the need for a working unit critical to Angola (Johnston et al., 2003). Absent the taxpayer funds to establish and operate a working force, the non-state police option provides a method that can accomplish the goals of both the government and the consumer community. With a private force the tax payer does not typically feel the sting of payment that these forces need to remain relevant in the states interest (Gill, 1994; Baker, 2006).   This element provides many opportunities for private investors to step forth and equip the non-state police force in a manner that some of the poorer nations, such as Angola, can only hope to afford. Furthermore, a key advantage of many outside or private police entities are the established outside contacts and expertise that is brought into the region as a result of the engagement (Crank et al., 2007; Baker, 2006). In many cases the skilled labour may not be present in the immediate area, requiring the need to look to the outside community for better talent and resources. Another opportunity provided by the consideration of a non-state police force in Angola is the potential to transform relations with neighbour nations or allies by incorporating elements of their working infrastructure (Gill, 1994; Johnston et al., 2003). It is become more common of multinational police forces to work together towards a goal that serves to benefit the entire international outlook by ensuring the stability of the region. Furthermore, this form of non-state or shared policing builds bridges and understanding between enforcement departments that often have work across national and international borders in order to address the issue at hand (Hallsworth et al., 2011). In summary, the primary positives resting behind the non-state police force in Angola is the increase in talent, decrease in state funds spent and the opportunity to find international partners that will assist to maintain order in the long run. 2.2 Against Non-state policing As with any employee or outside agency, bringing in an outside police force to Angola, holds the potential to be abused and subverted to the interests of others (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2010).   Private interests often play a pivotal role in choosing, maintaining and implementing any form of non-state policing, making the persons behind the effort at once suspect and complicit in the case of corruption. Lending itself well to the spectre of corruption, non-state policing can have chilling impact on the target community by stifling business and community activities to the point that there is a visible loss of enthusiasm and production (Johnston et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007). Furthermore, this perception of public abuse on the part of the policing efforts contributes to criminal activity and unproductive behaviour on the part of the local population. A secondary concern when dealing with a non-state police force in Angola is the need for the organisation to properly understand the community that they are assigned to protect (Wood et al., 2007; Crank et al., 2007). Many times an outside operator will mistake a cultural element as a risk, which in turn may lead to an issue that should never have been created in the first place. Furthermore, the local populace may not hold a great deal of confidence in the outside force, which can become a substantial hindrance in the operation of day to day policing activities (Baker, 2002; Wood et al., 2007).   If the community is not helpful many opportunities will be lost to the non-state police effort.   Yet, this can many times turn into a private citizenry that expects special favours of the police force, leading to another issue that has the potential to lead to widespread abuse and corruption. The level of training and professionalism among these private forces can quickly become a liability in the effort to sustain a working police force (Johnston et al., 2003; Baker, 2002).   With many forces seeking to cut corners and save money whenever possible, there is a real potential to provide a undertrained and ill equipped force that could possible cause more harm than good in the region.   Furthermore, the less training provided to the force enhances the opportunity for corruption and the skewing of the original effort to protect the citizenry (Baker, 2010; Crank et al., 2007).   Finally, with a force that relies on funding there is the real possibility for a rich person or outside organisation to negatively influence the operation of the police force, making the need for oversight both critical and expensive (Wood et al., 2007; Gill, 1994). In summary, the negative aspects of using a non-state police force include possible corruption, lack of training and the absence of cultural sensitivity that aids in conducting many day to day police centred operations.   Furthermore, there is the very real opportunity for a well-funded outside entity to have a substantial impact on the operation of the police force, which in turn can produce a range of further negativity. 3 Conclusion The need to ensure the security of the ordinary citizen on a day to day basis throughout Angola has prompted the consideration of a non-state policing system. As this brief indicates, there is a need for a police force in order to create a sustainable and liveable condition in the nation of Angola. Yet, as the evidence insists, the presence of corruption and abuse is likely.   However, the need for citizenry protection and stability outweighs the possibility of negative policy.   It would seem possible for an Angolan effort to keep the policing force transparent would lead to a working force that benefits the population more than the special interests. Coupled with the reduction in overall state costs, the prospect of a working police force provides outside investors with a reason to hope for stability, thereby increasing the likelihood of investment which aids in the building Angolan infrastructure. In the end, no matter the negative potential, the evidence suggests that a non-state policing force offers more benefit than detriment, leading to the recommendation of creating and implementing a non-state policing force in the African nation of Angola.   References Baker, B. (2002). Living with non-state policing in South Africa: the issues and dilemmas.  The Journal of Modern African Studies, 40(01). Baker, B. (2006). The African post-conflict policing agenda in Sierra Leone.  Conflict, Security Development, 6(1), pp.25-49. Baker, B. (2010). Grasping the Nettle of Nonstate Policing.  Journal of International Peacekeeping, 14(3-4), pp.276-300. Crank, J. and Giacomazzi, A. (2007). Areal policing and public perceptions in a non†urban setting: one size fits one.  Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies Management, 30(1), pp.108-131. Gill, P. (1994).  Policing politics. London: F. Cass. Hallsworth, S. and Lea, J. (2011). Reconstructing Leviathan: Emerging contours of the security state.Theoretical Criminology, 15(2), pp.141-157. Johnston, L. and Shearing, C. (2003).  Governing security. London: Routledge. Wood, J. and Shearing, C. (2007).  Imagining security. Cullompton: Willan. ZIMBABWE: Security Sector Reform Deadlock. (2011).  Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 48(7), pp.18921C-18923C.

Discussion type of stages Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion type of stages - Assignment Example The space left behind a proscenium is fashioned to be packed with scenery and flats for elaborate sets but it is not necessary. When it is left empty, it symbolizes an eloquent empty space and in its vastness and hollow cavernousness expresses choices not made, memories, and uncreated illusions (Puchner, 2007). There is an overwhelming feeling watching characters on this set up create their fictional existence in front and inside this purpose-built cave. With all the proscenium theatre effects, the time an actor takes walking across to downstage, effects of rather murky little figures emerge into the brightness from the gloom, extraordinary light quality on a proscenium stage, and fog effects among others are a genuine marvel and purely a theatrical wonder. This theatre setup is dumb striking and amazing specially the effects of an empty proscenium. The stage makes provisions for an actor to stand between the greater stage expanse and the auditorium thresholds, a virtual space where we can only glimpse, but not enter physically awarding them a liminal position and a magical sphere to speak right at us (Puchner, 2007). Personally, there is nothing comparable to Proscenium Theater. It is the ultimate theatrical high. It does not take much as well, just an arch, a lot of space and a great

Networking researh paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Networking researh paper - Essay Example Other requirements include wireless networking adapter or a PC card adapter, a modem and a network hub. In case of wide-ranging wireless networking, it is always wise to use an HP Network Assistant â€Å"to validate your wired and wireless network settings† (Hewlett-Packard Development Company). Wireless networks are based on IEEE 802.11 standards which is a set of standards developed by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) to carry out WLAN technology with specifications or protocols like 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n having frequency bandwidth of 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz. Setting up a Wireless Network at Home Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) allow a user to connect to a local area network through wireless networking, like a small network in a house or an office. The user does not have to waste time in adjusting wires, cables and plugs. He can take the system he is working on anywhere he wants inside the house or inside the range of access points. Thus, setting up a WLAN saves time and money wasted on setting up cables. Computers inside WLAN can be networked together through simple configuration without the need of having them connected through wires. How to Set Up? It is important to have respective service packs installed in our PCs. â€Å"A service pack is a collection of updates and fixes† that should accompany with the operating system (Fisher 2010). If we have Windows Vista operating system, then we must install Windows Vista Service Pack 1. Similarly, for Windows XP, we should install Windows XP Service Pack 3. The main purpose of service packs is that they save us from security breaches like network intrusion, viruses, Trojan horses, and etcetera. Equipment Required One should go for the wireless equipment that supports 802.11g because the performance is high with this protocol. Such equipment is also called Wi-Fi which confirms that the equipment belongs to the 802.11 family. Since all current high speed wireless n etworks are using IEEE standards, especially 802.11g, the term Wi-Fi is used to distinguish wireless networks from other traditional wired networks. We would first need a broadband internet connection which is a high speed connection, very fast as compared to a dial-up connection using a telephone line. Then, we need a modem. For a wireless network, a cable modem is recommended which is a device that enables high speed internet connectivity. Afterwards, we would need a wireless router, that is, a device that will facilitate the flow of data traffic between all the PCs that are to be networked together. Fourth, we will need to know if we are already having a built-in wireless network adapter in or PC or not. Most laptops today have built-in wireless network adaptors which save one from buying an external adapter. If we do not have this, they we will need to buy adapters for all the computers we want to be networked together. If we have laptops, we should buy PC card-based adapters an d in case we have desktops, we should buy USB adapters. It would be wiser to go for the network adapter that is manufactured by the same vendor that manufactured the router. Procedure We should have the cable modem and the router hooked up to the wall. The modem is to be connected to the broadband internet